Photography in Flux Essay -- Digital Photography Pictures Technology E

Photography in Flux It is no secret that digital photography is very rapidly finding a niche in modem society, in both the professional realm as well as in the home. The advent of newer, faster, and more embellished technologies have placed the power of photographic production in the hands of the common person. An art form that formerly was left to the charge of few skilled professionals has been forever changed by these technologies. Certainly, this evolution of sorts has its strengths as well as its drawbacks. What advantages does a photographer have with digital technology that he or she might not have with a traditional camera? What are the disadvantages? And what does this technology mean for the future of the photography trade? First, what exactly is the fundamental technological difference between digital photography and conventional film? In Tom Ang's The Art of Digital Photography, he says that "the key difference is the light-sensitive medium used to capture the image" (10). Okay. Well what does that mean? Images in traditional film are created when "silver salts suspended in the emulsion convert the amount of light falling on them into a latent image" (Ang 10). When film is developed, the chemical processes that occur magnify the changes to produce a viewable image. By contrast, digital cameras have an electronic sensor that converts the light falling on it into an electrical charge, which is then processed by electrical circuitry and turned into a code that can be stored, transported, copied, etc. Advantages Essentially, once an image exists in digital form, it can either be tweaked to adjust even its most indiscernible features or it can be entirely morphed into something altogether different. There ... ...exis.com>. Ippolito, Joseph A. Understanding Digital Photography. Clifton Park, NY: Thomas/Delmar Learning, 2003. Meyer, Pedro. "Traditional Photography vs. Digital Photography." ZoneZero: From Analog to Digital March 1, 2001. 14 Sept. 2004 <http://www.zonezero.com/ editorial/marzoO l /march. html>. Potts, Mary Anne. "Q&A: The Pixel Pro." National Geographic Adventure Magazine June/July 2003. 15 Sept. 2004 <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/ 0306/gn_a.html>. Sand, Michael L. "Metamorphoses: Photography in the Electronic Age." Aperture 136 (1994): 3. Smurthwaite, Nick. "Faking It." Design Week April 1998: 17-19. LexisNexis Academic. Parks Library, Iowa State U. 15 Sept. 2004 <http://www. lexisnexis.com> Ziegler, Katleen and Nick Greco. Digital Focus: The New Media of Photography. Southampton, Pa.: Dimensional Illustrators, 1997.

Explore how Carol Churchill presents woman in the role of mother in “Top Girls”

In the first act, Churchill has created a surreal environment for all of the women. We find, during the course of the meal, that all of the women have things in common. Each of the women had children apart from Isabella. Lady Nijo and Griselda however, had to live without knowing their children because of their husbands, in both cases the husbands removed the children. Dull Gret is slightly different, she experienced living with her children and bringing them up, however her oldest and youngest were killed during war. Pope Joan does not know what happened to her baby, as she was stoned to death as soon as she gave birth, she assumes they killed it. Marlene, the leader of the women had a completely different story to tell, however she does not talk of it during Act One. Marlene became pregnant at 17 and let her sister, Joyce adopt the baby because at the time Joyce could not become pregnant. Marlene has since, had two abortions. Griselda, Lady Nijo and Marlene are all similar in the fact that they all had to sacrifice their children for a particular reason. Griselda sacrificed her children to make the man she loved happy. Griselda does not arrive to the meal until quite late, the other women are all drunk and merry and Griselda appears un noticed. She appears polite but shy and does not want to make a fuss but eventually gives into a pudding, â€Å"Oh if everyone is. I don't mind. † Marlene automatically puts her in the spot light by introducing her as having the â€Å"fairy-story† life. All of the women become interested in Griselda's story and begin questioning it. Griselda, whilst talking appears still faithful to the Marquis, â€Å"But of course a wife must obey her husband. And of course I must obey the Marquis. Throughout the story of Griselda's life, Marlene acts as if she is almost showing off that she already knows the story, â€Å"Oh, you wait. † This shows that Marlene feels a need to be included and in control at all times. Unlike Lady Nijo, Griselda spent six weeks with her first born, a girl, Nijo finds this hard to believe, â€Å"Much better to do it straight away . † Only Nijo truly understands Griselda's life and she has been put in the same position, Marlene finds it an outrage that she let the Walter take her baby, â€Å"Walter was bonkers† and obviously, it will be hard for Gret to accept as she brought up her own children, â€Å"Bastard†. Even when everybody else is being un fair and negative about Walter, Griselda remains with her upbeat attitude, whilst still shy she shows her feelings. Griselda takes up much of the conversation when she arrives, and when this conversation has ended she doesn't talk much more. Throughout Act One and throughout Griselda's life story Lady Nijo listens, and doesn't talk an awful lot about her background and history. She talks about her past in and amongst everyone else's conversation, although they listen to her, they do not pay as much attention to her as they do to Griselda. Lady Nijo does not appear as hurt and as faithful to her children as Griselda did to hers, this is probably because Griselda spent a short time with her children and Nijo did not. Lady Nijo's first baby was Akenbono's, a girl and he received it and brought it up with his wife. Her second, was to an unknown and the third and fourth children were Ariake the priests. Nijo never saw her third child after it was born and admits feeling nothing at all for her third son, her fourth child. I think that this is because Ariake had died before the birth and she was still grieving him, â€Å"I didn't want to see anyone. In Act Two Scene Two we are introduced to Marlene, a character brought in from Act One, Joyce, Marlene's sister, Angie, Joyce's daughter and Marlene's niece and Kit, Angie's friend. The following scene concentrates mainly on Marlene's niece, Angie and her younger friend, Kit. We begin to realise that Angie maybe slightly â€Å"simple† and troubled as she talks to Kit about controlling objects with her mind and things falling from the walls in her house, â€Å"Last night I was in bed and suddenly a picture fell down off the wall. The pair continually ignore Angie's mother, Joyce, shouting them from the house. This shows disrespect of the children to their mother. The childlike attitude of the children continues throughout the play, they continue to ignore the mother shouting and continue bantering as children would, â€Å"I don't want her to like me. † This eventually progresses into Angie suggesting that Joyce is not her biological mother, and Marlene, her aunt, is. â€Å"I think I'm my aunts child. I think my mother's really my aunt. For a girl of Angie's mentality to suggest something as complex as this must suggest that her and Joyce do not have a loving, sharing relationship, however, Angie's only explanation for this suggestion is â€Å"my mother hates her. † We learn further on in Scene Two that Joyce does not think very highly of Angie â€Å"I don't know who'd have her, mind. † This seems stranger for a mother to say to another child about her own daughter. This is possibly where Churchill is trying to insinuate that, at heart, Joyce does not care for her child as much as a normal mother would. Showing cracks in the couples, mother daughter relationship. Another loss of respect between Joyce and Angie is shown when Joyce calls her a â€Å"Fucking rotten little cunt. † And states â€Å"You can stay there and die†, this either shows that Joyce is now sick of Angie not listening to her or if she just does not have enough respect for her. Act Three actually happens a year before Act Two happens. Therefore the old dress that Angie puts on in Act Two, is the dress that Marlene gives her as a present in Act Three. Marlene and Joyce seem to have an awkward relationship, they are constantly bickering when Marlene first arrives, â€Å"I don't mind seeing you. â€Å"Great, I feel really welcome. † The pair wait until Angie has gone to bed before talking about her and her life, Angie refuses to go to sleep fore quite a while because her aunty is there, but eventually she gives in. Joyce then begins to talk about Angie, â€Å"I don't know how you could leave your own child. â€Å", Marlene does not react badly to this vici ous statement, she simply replies, â€Å"You were quick enough to take her. † I feel that this shows that Marlene does not know how much Joyce has done for her. She obviously does not appreciate that Joyce has brought Angie up the best that she could so that Marlene could move away and concentrate on her career. Joyce begins to take ownership of Angie as the argument continues, showing that she has a bond with her child, motherly love. â€Å"Course I do, she's my child. † Instead of moving away and getting a job and making money, Joyce took Marlene's baby and gave it a life. The relationship between Marlene and Joyce begins to break up as the two begin to blame each other for the mistakes they have made in life, â€Å"I did get pregnant and I lost it because I was so tired looking after your fucking baby. The Act ends with Joyce and Marlene apologising and Joyce going to bed, leaving Marlene alone to have another drink. Angie then wakes up calling for her mother and walks downstairs, when Angie realises that its Marlene sat there and Joyce has gone to bed she only mutters two words, â€Å"frightening† â€Å"frightening† . This symbolises Angie's weirdness and simple mindedness. Is she speaking about the conversation between Joyce and Marlene or is she speaking about the fact that she thought Marlene was her mother ?

Searching for a Sugar Man Directed by Malik Bendjelloul

Searching for Sugar Man, a 2012 documentary directed by Malik Bendjelloul, contains many documentary-type aesthetics. The film tells the tale of an American musician named Sixto Rodriguez whose music encouraged the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa. The characters within the film are all real people based off of a real-life situation. This particular film contains many on-camera interviews in order to get that documentary type feel. The film shows interviews from a construction worker, to all of Rodriquez’s daughters. Along with these interviews are also on-screen texts used to show the history of Rodriguez. Some on-screen texts display the interviewees names or some display the date and place where Rodriguez was. In one interview,†¦show more content†¦Many, of the people directly address the camera. Since they are being interviewed, they are either looking directly at the camera, or they are looking at the person interviewing them. There are countless aerial views of cities, mountains, ect. All of these create a sense of---- Every aesthetic used creates a sort of oddness and curiosity that presents the viewers with an elements of surprise everywhere you turn. Bernie is a film based in a small town in Texas called Carthage where the main character Bernie, whom is played by Jack Black, is the talk of the town. This film takes on a somewhat documentary-type feel because it includes many on-camera interviews among townspeople. Many of the townsfolk being interviewed have strong opinions on Bernie and a â€Å"mean old lady† named Marjorie Nugent. Most of the townspeople being interviewed are actually real people from Carthage, Texas. The interviewees give the overall film a sense of realism not only because they play the part of an East Texan well, but also because they have Texan accents to go along with it. Even though Bernie seems like a tall tale, it is actually based upon a true story. The light, happy, and perky innocence of Bernie Teide creates the audience to believe no such man could do any harm. The colors used to portray the town are all bright, happy, and colorful. The aesthetics of the town are used create the feel of a happy small town leading to believe that there’s no way aShow MoreRelated The American Folk Music Legend Sixto Diaz Rodriguez1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe producer of his second album, Steve Rowland who worked with famous artists such as Jerry Lee Lewis, The Cure, Gloria Gaynor etc... Described him as his most memorable artist, â€Å"a prophet, way beyond a musical artist.† Searching for Sugarman (2012) Directed by Malik Bendjelloul [Film]. UK: Studio Canal, Sweden: Sony Pictures Classics. The lyrics of his songs are shaped around his political sense of injustices of an oppressed society with a desperate ability to face the cruel world in which he was

AA on Business Administration How to Tell if a School is Really Accredited 2019

Online AA on Business Administration degrees have earned increasing respect in recent years. It is now possible to earn a quality business degree through the convenience of distance education. However, not all online AA on Business Administration degrees deliver respectable credentials. In 2017, a senior director in U.S. Homeland Security stepped down from office. She admitted that her doctorate from an unaccredited university in Wyoming consisted of only a 4-page paper and 1 course in business ethics. Some schools claim accreditation by unrecognized or nonexistent agencies. Others, particularly foreign online schools, may offer credentials that are not valid in the U.S., where the student will someday practice his or her profession. Separating Fact from Fiction in AA on Business Administration Programs In order to be truly accredited, an AA on Business Administration program must be certified by an agency recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation. The highest standard possible in the U.S. is to be accredited by one of the 6 regional Higher Learning Commission agencies. These are the same agencies that accredit Ivy League universities like Harvard and Yale. .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f:active, .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u40e728fc6a63a882363ff9942c16251f:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Associate Degree in Business Using an Associate's Degree to Work as an Accounting TechnicianPrestige should not be confused with accreditation, however. Accreditation status should always be investigated, no matter what the perceived reputation of the AA on Business Administration program in question. More Acceptable AA on Business Administration Credentials Other forms of acceptable accreditation include the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC) and the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). Some AA on Business Administration programs are also accredited by state agencies. However, not all U.S. employers acknowledge state accreditation from applicants. For links to accredited online AA on Business Administration programs, visit College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Prospective students may also request more information about earning an AA on Business Administration through one of our featured schools by filling out an information request form. Related ArticlesBSN in Nursing Look for This to Avoid Enrolling in a Bogus Nursing ProgramEarning Your MBA From HomeImprove Your Life and the World With a Masters Degree In Criminal JusticeAssociate Degree Business Administration Salary Does an AA in Business PayAA Business Watch Out for these Common Degree ScamsHow to Dominate at the Job Fair .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88:active, .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue21a 32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue21a32b0175b24f1b6fab3d5b20f3c88:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Associate Criminal Justice Degree Checklist 7 Things to Consider Before Enrolling

The Declaration Of Independence As Said By Thomas Jefferson

The Declaration of Independence as said by Thomas Jefferson is â€Å"an expression of the American Mind†. Jefferson along with John Locke and other English constitutionalist theorists detailed the abuses by George III, brilliantly summarizing the views of the colonist who were seeking distance from England. Many of these grievances were politically shaped, others dealt with the American economy. The first one states â€Å"For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world†. Instead of allowing the colonist free commercial trade with other nations, the home government did all in its power to restrict them to trade exclusively with Great Britain. Favorable and profitable trade with the Spanish and French was destroyed. The mother land was ruining America’s web they built for trading. Another major grievance was â€Å"For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent†, believing that Great Britain had an unquestionable right to tax its colonies on all foreign goods imported by the Americans. This is when the term â€Å"no taxation without representation† was born. The next is â€Å"For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.† This grievance dealt with the fact that British policy stated with absolute clarity that in belief the British government could simply do as it pleased with the American people almost as if that people were its slaves. The king had full control over the colonies and all of the decisions that wereShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Patrick Henry And Thomas Jefferson1220 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod Compare and Contrast Essay 20 October 2017 The Demand for Independence vs Death The revolutionary period was the age of reason. It was the period in time when civilians wanted to take control of their unalienable rights; â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† (Jefferson). Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson took part in the revolutionary period. They were both leaders that took action to receive independence from Great Britain. The two revolutionary leaders are remarkably comparableRead MoreThe Relationship Of Thomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1563 Words   |  7 PagesJefferson was a founding father who created the Declaration of Independence and he was hypocritical when it came to his ideas of freedom about slaves in America. Thomas Jefferson didn’t grant African American slaves their rights when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. He owned slaves on his plantation which goes against the American freedoms that he wrote about in the Declaration. Jeffersons personal relationships with his slaves affected th e way that he viewed African Americans. ThomasRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine992 Words   |  4 PagesA poet once said, â€Å"There are two documents in American history that made America what it is today. Common Sense by Thomas Paine was inspiring to many American colonists as it was persuasive in showing how the colonists should have their own independence. Paine appealed the average citizen’s rationale, hence the title Common Sense. Paine’s pamphlet illustrates the importance of independence, and argues that colonial life under British rule was detrimental to America’s potential to become prosperousRead MoreDeclaration of Independence Essay example888 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson is probably the most important person of the American Revolution. Many other prosperous and expressive young people were radical and serious; however the Congress’s most significant task was given to Thomas Jefferson - to compose the Declaration of Independence. People from the committee of the congress such as, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston selected Jefferson to compose the Declaration’s first draft. They were all aware that he was able to produceRead MoreDeclaration Of Independence By Richard Henry1212 Words   |  5 PagesDeclaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was definitely a day to remember. The events leading to the signing of the Declaration of Independence played a key role in it. â€Å"Resolved, that these United Colonies, are and of right to be free and independent states.†(Declaration of Independence). That quote, coming from the Declaration of Independence, pretty much sums up the reason for the writing of the Declaration of Independence, becoming independent from the rule of Great BritainRead MoreDeciphering Memory : John Adams And Authorship Of The Declaration Of Independence Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, I wanted to review â€Å"Deciphering Memory: John Adams and the Authorship of the Declaration of Independence† by Robert E. McGlone. Many people knew that Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. John Adams was one of the people who supported Independence and signed his name on the Declaration of Independence. From this article, I understood that me mory could help people to find the truth. In the article, the author used lots resource and the pictures to explain that JohnRead MoreDeclaration Of Independence And The Gettysburg Address1089 Words   |  5 PagesDeclaration Of Independence and The Gettysburg Address The Declaration of independence and the Gettysburg address are one of the most powerful written documents in US history. In the Declaration of independence, it uses the three main parts of the rhetorical triangle The Gettysburg address also uses two parts of the rhetorical triangle, but uses logos the least . Both the Declaration of the independence and the Gettysburg address are an important piece in our history because they use the three mainRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson1532 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson He is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage theirRead MoreCommon Sense Vs. Declaration Of Independence957 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Sense v. Declaration of Independence Common Sense written by Thomas Paine in January of 1776, enlightened its readers and ignited the colonists towards the American Revolution. Common Sense was the first document that established a suggestion towards a constitutional form of government. The foundation of the main points in Common Sense were the upbringing of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson in July of 1776 approximately 7 monthsRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseau Influence on the Declaration of Independence743 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the foundation of America. It contains â€Å"the words that made America,† (Fink, 9). Five of the founding fathers got together and penned this important document. As they penned this document, they were inspired by a number of European philosophers and writers. One of these philosophers was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau played a significant role in three different revolutions: in politics, his work inspired and shaped revolutionary sentiment in

Spiritual Needs Assessment free essay sample

The framework for FICA includes Faith, Importance of spirituality, Individuals spiritual Community, and interventions to Address spiritual needs (Borneman, 2010). The following are the questions that include the concepts of FICA guidelines. * Who or what provides you with faith and hope? * What is your Faith or belief? * Is it Important in your life? * Are you a part of a spiritual or religious Community? * How would you like me, your health care provider to Address these issues in your health care? Using the assessment tool, I interviewed a friend of mine. Realizing that there are different ways that these guide questions can be used while I was interviewing, I was careful in asking my questions due to attitudes I might get towards the issue. My friend’s strength comes from the lord; believing it is his salvation and where he is going to end up ultimately. He explained to me that praying and reading the bible provides his faith in God. We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Needs Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Jesus came to life to die on the cross for my life and others†, he would tell me, and while he has no faith in the hospitals, the treatments and medications he receives helps the pain. God is the most important thing in my life. When you accept God in your life, he becomes a part of your being. He treats his body like it was a temple because God lives in it and feels most people do not. He is involved in a workshop facility in his community on a weekly basis. This routine has become an integral part of his spiritual and religious life. When he is in the hospital, he wishes that the hospital would make it easier for patients to practice their faith or belief systems, by ensuring that they have religious materials while undergoing treatment. He asked me, if I were his provider, to trust him in what God’s will is for him and accept his decision. God will help him deal with his decision. The overall process of this assessment went quite well. He was very open and was happy to talk about his faith and beliefs. He has a deep rooted spiritual base from his parents which has given him the comforts of this assessment. He was very impressed with the questions and seemed to be very interested in finding out things about himself. The one thing that I might have done different was to assess more than one individual with the same questions. I would like to have gained more insight of spirituality influences on an average of a larger group for an assessment of this nature. This would help for future assessments. There were no barriers or challenges that inhibited my ability to complete the assessment tool. The questions in nature came from his beliefs and that is his right. The spiritual experience I had with my friend was interesting. It made me more aware of the depth of the spirituality of others. Until this assessment, I was not aware of how I would conduct a self-assessment on me using these tools at the same time I was asking him the questions. This assessment allows me to better meet the needs of others now that I can ascertain the information that is pertinent to helping a person meet their spiritual needs. The more data that is provided to me, the better I can utilize this assessment tool for others. The FICA tool is a feasible tool for the assessment of spirituality. It is crucial for the concerns in a critical setting (Borneman, 2010). When giving an assessment to a patient the consideration of their spirituality is an important component of every patient’s physical well-being and mental health.

The problem of implementing and managing change in organizations

Many organizations strive to embrace the concept of organizational change (Oswick, Grant, Michelson and Wailes 394). Despite the fact that organizational change is seen as the main way of improving performance of organizations, this management paradigm is constrained by many issues.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The problem of implementing and managing change in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the aspects identified as a barrier to organizational change concerns management of change in organizations. While organizational change is often a desirable activity that can transform organizations, sustaining change is a challenging affair to organizational leadership. This has been noted by many researchers in the field of organizational management. It is easy to plan and introduce change in organizations. However, implementing and enforcing the change is quite difficult because of the changes i n organizational environment. The external and internal organizational environments generate forces that work against the full realization of change objectives. The change objectives are represented in the change programs and projects that are introduced in the organization. The failures of these programs are pointers to the general failure in the â€Å"change mission† of organizations (Bates and Bloch 29-32). The complexity of managing change in organizations emanates from the fact that the change may necessitate a total restructuring of organizational units or departments. This may not be receptive to all members of the organization. This means that organizational norms, procedures, work processes and even the cultural aspects of management used in the organization may need a total overhaul. Furthermore, the organizations may be required to identify and acquire new skills that will help in enforcing change and increasing the competitiveness of the organization. In most case s, change is a continuous process. Therefore, there is a likelihood of losing pace and focus on change enforcement is important. Organizational change is treated as a competency that the organization should have (Macadam 33-40). Most organizations fail while implementing change or witness mal-activities during the implementation process. This is because they find it hard to run all the activities appertaining to change programs. Change programs need progressive reviews that meant to check how the organization is coping with change programs.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These reviews should be conducted in a consistent and regular manner to keep the change projects on check. This is a strenuous exercise that is prone to ignorance from the management. While these change programs are in progress, most managers often make assumptions that these programs are running well, and they overlook the aspect of review and assessment. The result is that small flaws in implementation grow only to be discovered when they have reached stages where they cannot be easily contained (Tikkanen and Pà ¶là ¶nen 5-25). While many models of managing change in organizations prevail, the hard question to answer is why organizational leadership finds it difficult to implement change in a comprehensive manner. Organizational leaders are the main ambassadors of change in organizations and must show active but not passive support to change programs. They should show full support and commitment to implementing change failure as it becomes hard to achieve success in sustenance of change programs within the organization. Change starts with the top management of organizations. If inconsistencies are seen in the top management of organizations, flops become eminent in the enforcement of the change. In general, change management in organizations can be affected by many factors among them perception, emotional barriers, culture, environmental barriers and cognitive barriers (Schwarz and Shulman 829-846). Change initiatives also interfere with the other strategic plans of the organization formulated earlier. In such cases, the organization may end up achieving the objectives in the change projects and fail to achieve other goals. The overall outcome of organizational change programs will be represented by lack of achievement of all goals of the firm (Oswick, Grant, Michelson and Wailes 394). The problem of change management and implementation in Coca-Cola and Toyota Motors Corporation Coca-Cola and Toyota Motors Corporation are big firms with extended operations across the entire globe. While change remains relevant in keeping these firms at par with the competition that exists in the international market, challenges cannot be wished away in implementing and enforcing change.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The problem of implementing and managing change in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Change management in these organizations becomes complicated by the fact that these firms have great and extensive network of operation. A lot of diversity lies in the huge clientele of these firms, thereby making it difficult to have uniformity in the projects being implemented by the firm. Change can hardly attain a uniformed acceptance in different regions of operation by these companies because each region has unique aspects that define the business and organizational environment. These firms have staffs and stakeholders that are spread all over the continent. Therefore, it becomes difficult to communicate change to the stakeholders in an effective manner (DuBrin 293). The Coca-Cola Company embraces change in the sense that the company has been making several brand innovation. This is done to enable the company beat the competition that is prevailing in the beverage and soft drinks industry. Many new marketing initiatives are introduced at short intervals making it a challenge to implement these initiatives to the latter. In addition, the company operates in an industry that is subjected to a high competition. This subjects the organizational leadership to pressures that end up affecting the effecting of change. Additionally, owing to the expansiveness of the organization, it is quite difficult to communicate change to the stakeholders of the organization in a comprehensive manner. All these point to the fact that change is elusive in organizations, but managing change remains to be a great challenge to firms. This is because of the complexity of change implementation that originate from both people and structures of the firm (Kingstone 347 – 348). Toyota Company embraces change because it is a company that is dependent on technical production. While the company manages to come up with competitive innovations, the implementation of thes e initiatives remains to bother the company. This problem is facilitated by the notion that the implementation of new technologies and systems has to be done with organizational staffs. It becomes complicated for the firm to communicate and enforce new technologies. This is because new technologies involve few staffs. Resentments to the use of the innovations are also common.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because the management of these companies fails to attach the total value to these innovations. An example is the observed failure of the company to communicate the benefits of adopting new technologies to organizational staffs (Kondratpara. 2-5). How Coca-Cola and Toyota are dealing with the problem of managing change Focus on managerial leadership in strategizing and implementing change Managing change has many challenges. Therefore, many organizations have been seeking to establish measures to ensure that change programs attain success. Coca-Cola and Toyota companies have resorted to strategize a change. This comes after the realization that strategic leadership plays a great role in the implementation of change in organizations. Coca Cola and Toyota have resorted to strengthening managerial leadership in the sense that they give their top management the main mandate of embracing change. Change ideas do not always emanate from the top leadership of the organization. Howev er, when change ideas are hatched, they are left to be digested by the top leadership of these organizations who set the initiatives of adopting and implementing change. The change initiatives patented to the organization by allowing them be rolled and overseen by the chief executive officers. This helps in elimination or minimizing the divergent perceptions that often hinder the enforcement of the change. New programs and projects are always rolled by the top executives of these companies who set and explain the mission, objectives, and benefits of these programs to the firm (Mills 11). Change programs should not be implemented in a haphazard manner. Strategic leadership used in these companies ensures that the entire organizational environment becomes aware of the new projects or programs. This is done through training and explanation of change initiatives to all stakeholders of the organization. This ensures that change remains active and that change programs gain acceptance henc e full participation of all organizational members. Information about expected changes prepares the organization for change. In this case, the organization is helped to minimize possible frictions that arise from resistance or hitches to implementation of change. Disruptions and alterations to the normal operations or cultures of these firms are communicated and to a large extent accepted by stakeholders. Through communication, the possible disruptions that are likely to be born out of the new programs are appropriately identified. In this regard, organizational stakeholders get prepared for these disruptions. They are not caught by surprise when the change strategies are being implemented (Schwarz and Shulman 829-846). Breaking change in multinationals Coca-Cola and Toyota have many subsidiaries situated in different regions around the world. Therefore, these organizations have realized that change cannot be enforced blankly across all the subsidiaries. The vision and change object ives are communicated to the managers of the subsidiaries who interpret and implement them according to the environment where the subsidiaries are located. Most change initiatives in these firms aim at positioning these firms by raising their competitiveness relative to other firms in the international market. Therefore, most changes directly touch on the products of these companies. These changes revolve around improving and differentiating company brands. For instance, Coca-Cola has been venturing into the manufacture of energy drinks as part of its diversification strategies (DuBrin 293). On the other hand, the Toyota Company has been working on producing a big range of cars to meet the divergent needs of customers. However, these activities are implemented basing on the assessment of the business location where the companies are located. Different destinations have differing factors, both internal and external, which determine the adoption of these new initiatives. In this case, the global leadership teams of these firms delegate the responsibility of interpreting and implementing change to the national managers where the firms have subsidiaries. These managers are thought to be having a good understanding of the trends and the culture that may affect the enforcement of change (Mills 9). Change programs have to be developed by paying attention to both internal and external culture of firms because these cultures have both direct and indirect effect on change. The firms have to have a historical background of the location of the firm as it portrays a picture of how change will be managed. The Coca-Cola and Toyota Motors Companies give some level of autonomy to the managers heading subsidiaries so that they can identify aspects that require change. In most cases, the need for change originated from the environment. The local managers can thus easily detect aspects of change as they manifest in the environment of the firm. Change programs mostly fail in spite of good strategies or adoption of best implementation models because they are imposed on organizational stakeholders (Kondratpara. 3). Research as a pace setter for organizational change implementation A comprehensive research on the need for new projects and programs in the organization is critical to organizational change management. Coca-Cola invests a lot of money in doing a research that helps them in detecting places where change is imminent in organizations. These researches guide the company in coming up with initiatives and they are coded as change projects in the organization. The lean production system utilized in the Toyota Motors Company is also highly depended on the research. The adoption of innovative technologies and development drive for the company utilizes research (Kondrat, para. 3). The company identifies how new technologies can be best applied to the entire firm. This is done by assessing and equipping the firm in readiness for the use of these new systems o f production. Therefore, comprehensive research that is accompanied by continuous monitoring, assessments, and evaluation comes out as a precursor to effective implementation of change in Toyota and Coca-Cola. Continuous monitoring and assessment leading to adjustment of new projects is important in change implementation because the business environment is not static. Changes in the environment are common, and if they occur at times when change programs are being implemented, they are likely to cause devastations to full implementation of change. Linking organization change programs to corporate social benefits Change must be accompanied with corporate social benefits to the environment in which the business is located. More often than not, change management becomes difficult due to resistance to change. Resistance to change in firms comes as a result of many factors. Among the factors that make people resist change is the failure of people to attach value to change projects thinkin g that they cannot derive benefits from change. The Coca-Cola Company is one of the most proactive companies in corporate activities. The company ensures that its change projects are accompanied by a corporate social activity. In fact, the company rolls most of its change projects through corporate social events. The people benefit from the corporate activities whereby they easily remember the change initiatives of the company. The Toyota Motors Corporation also does this through the organization of motor sporting events and promotions (Griffin and Moorhead 519). It is evident that organizational change is one of the mechanisms that are used by organization in enhancing competitiveness. If fully implemented, change programs often bring positive outcomes for firms. However, research indicates that the full realization of change in firms is hard because of the many challenges that bar the full implementation of change programs. Works Cited Bates, Terence and Susan Bloch.â€Å"Keeping pace with change: new contracts and responsibilities†.Industrial and Commercial Training, 28.1 (1996): 29 – 32. Print. DuBrin, Andrew J. Essentials of Management. Mason, OH: Thomson Business Economics, 2009. Print. Griffin, Ricky W, and G. Moorhead.Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Australia: South-Western/Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Kingstone, Judith.â€Å"Managing at the Speed of Change†. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 19.6 (1998): 347 – 348. Print. Kondrat, Alla. Production System that Made Toyota Successful.2009. Web. Macadam, Charles. â€Å"Addressing the barriers of managing change†. Management Development Review, 9.3 (1996): 38 – 40. Print. Mills, Jean H. Understanding Organizational Change. New York: Routlegde publishers. 2009. Print. Oswick, Cliff and David Grant, Grant Michelson and Nick Wailes.â€Å"Looking forwards: discursive directions in organizational change†.Journal of Orga nizational Change Management, 18.4(2005):pp.383 – 390. Print. Schwarz, Gavin M. and Arthur D. Shulman.â€Å"The patterning of limited structural change†. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20.6 (2007): 829 – 846. Print. Tikkanen, Henrikkiand PasiPà ¶là ¶nen.â€Å"Business process re-engineering projects in Finland: An evaluation of change management in 21 large Finnish organizations†. Business Process Re-engineering Management Journal, 2.3 (1996): 10 – 25. Print. This report on The problem of implementing and managing change in organizations was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.